ࡱ> U@ bjbj .  :::NV V V 8  $Nx N N N $fRr: @J  82@R : s":s B!V 3sTH0xs*OX*sNN*:s0N |xdN N N NNdNNMEASURING MOUNT EVEREST  The Great Trigonometrical Survey started in 1800. It started with a series of measurements called the Great Arc that aimed to measure the curvature of the Earth. The Survey also had the grand aim of creating an accurate map of the Indian subcontinent. The Survey was a mammoth project and an amazing feat of human endeavour. It took over 70 years to complete and involved more than 2,000 miles (3,200 km) of travel. The Survey itself was often gruelling. One of the geometric instruments used, a theodolite, weighed over half a ton (508 kg), the size of a small horse! The surveyors and their porters faced huge perils during the process of measurement, risking death on dangerous remote mountains. Surveyors needed to sight slender poles at distances of up to 20 miles (32 km). For this reason most measurements had to be conducted during and immediately after the monsoon when the atmosphere was clearest, just the time when mosquitoes and leeches were at their most rampant. In 1820, Lieutenant (later Sir) George Everest became one of Lambtons assistants on the Survey. After Lambtons death, Everest took over as Surveyor General of India. In turn, when Everest retired in 1843, Andrew Waugh took over the helm. In March 1856, Waugh, Surveyor General of India reported in a letter the measurements for Peak XV (a mountain found during the survey) as: Latitude NLongitude E of GreenwichHeight above sea level 27o5916.7  86o585.9  29,002 feet  The measurements were accepted and conveyed to the geographical world. Waugh himself later wrote: "...here is a mountain most probably the highest in the world without any local name that I can discover...", so he proposed "...to perpetuate the memory of that illustrious master of geographical research...Everest." Waugh suggested that it be named after Sir George Everest but many others wanted a local name such as Chamolungma (Tibetan) or Devadhanga (Nepali). Hot debate raged. Everest himself kept silent, although as Surveyor General he had always insisted that local names for landmarks be used. Eventually the name Mount Everest was endorsed in London by the Secretary of State for India and the Royal Geographical Society; the rest is history.   %3N  " B v ~~~m\m~m\~m h[hfB*CJH*KHph!h[hfB*CJKHaJphh[hfCJmH sH h[hfB*CJKHph)h[hfB*CJKHOJQJ^Jph#hfB*CJKHOJQJ^JphhfLjhfLUmHnHsH uh "hfLCJhN)CJmHnHsH u(jh "hfLCJUmHnHsH u$  u v $$1$5$7$8$H$Ifa$gdN)dd1$5$7$8$H$gdf 1$5$7$8$H$gdfd$da$ $$1$5$7$8$H$Ifa$gdN)Tkd$$IfF.7!B      a xxvv$da$ddgdf 1$5$7$8$H$gdfdd1$5$7$8$H$gdfTkd$$IfWF.7!B      a 󿻳hN)jhfLUjhfLUjhfLUhfLhhfCJOJQJ)h[hfB*CJKHOJQJ^Jph#hfB*CJKHOJQJ^Jphh[hfCJmH sH d,1h. 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