ࡱ> proU@ Mbjbj n |||XXX8,$g9DDD8888888$;RY=B 9|@ 9!9|885F6|7 y>XdZ6z8l790g9r6\==07=|7DrV\DDD 9 9 4$(4 Livingstones Legacy  David Livingstones aims and his scientific observations in botany, geology and geographical surveys showed his personal fascination with natural history and earth sciences. They were also the main concerns of the mid-Victorian era. As a missionary, he believed in the moral improvement of the Africans and wanted to rid Africa of the slave trade. The missions were part of the increasing interest in and gathering of information about Africa in the 1870s. By the early 1880s Europeans began to take control of local politics and trade in North and West Africa. Livingstones influence can be seen in the opening up of trade routes. In his final years in Africa and in the decades following his death, there were many biographies written about Livingstone. He was featured in all the Victorian books of heroes. There were also memorials, statues, Christian missions, towns and regions named after him. He gained a reputation as a friend of the Africans and was often admired by black nationalists, (those who fought for their countrys independence). Many of them had been educated at mission schools. He is still used by the travel industry to advertise the Victoria Falls and in Zambia, he is remembered through the town of Livingstone. Although statues have been knocked down and names of places have changed throughout the world once countries have gained independence from colonial rule, Livingstones memorials continue to survive. Historians have debated his racial attitudes towards Africans, although they generally agree that he came to view Africans as the possible equals of Europeans. There was evidence of his concern for the Africans who travelled with him and the remarkable final journey where Chuma and Susi carried his body to the coast. The Nigerian writer, Chinua Achebe, in an interview, said that when Livingstone was asked what he thought of Africans, Livingstone replied that he found them infuriating. In other words, they were just like everybody else! (The Guardian, 22 February, 2003) In writing about modern geography, The Guardian newspaper had an article called Livingstones Legacy and ended by stating that The Livingstones and Scotts of today are much more likely to be carrying spreadsheets and laptops, than the groundsheets and sola topis of yesterday. Task What do you think the article in The Guardian tells us about Livingstones legacy? Look at the sources below which give us views of Livingstone from different times. Has his reputation changed? Use the Storyboard activity to give your view. Sources  Source A  Source B  Source C   Source D   As a whole, the work of his life will surely be held up in ages to come as one of singular nobleness of design, and of unflinching energy and self-sacrifice in execution. It will be long [since] any one man will be able to open so large an extent of unknown land to civilised mankind. Sir H Bartle Frere, President of Royal Geographical Society, giving an obituary notice of David Livingstone at the Anniversary Meeting on 22 June 1874 In the course of his wonderful career, Livingstone served three masters. As a missionary he was the sincere...servant of God. As an explorer he was the servant of science. As a denouncer of the slave trade he was the fiery servant of humanity. Earl Curzon, President of the Royal Geographical Society, opening a meeting to mark the centenary of Livingstones birth, March 1913. When we look back upon the nineteenth centurywe see that it was an age of great men. Foremost among them we see the historic virtues of their age epitomised in David Livingstone to whose immortal memory we meet today to honour. It can be said that Livingstone unlocked the door of the African continent and opened a new page in its historyBy penetrating the almost limitless and then unknown land of Central Africa, he brought the word of God to the African people; he opened the way to trade and to the civilising influence which followed it. Secretary of State for the Colonies, Oliver Lyttelton, unveiling a statue of David Livingstone at the Royal Geographical Society in 1953. (Its still there today)! Just as Livingstones followers disagreed over the best way to continue his work, so too have historians have continued to argue right up to the present day over whether Livingstone was really a missionary, really a geographer or really an imperial pioneer. The enduring power of the Livingstone myth lies in its appeal to all these different interests. 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