ࡱ> rtqy 'bjbj 7~{{NN\+n   x+z+z+z+z+z+z+$g.1T+     ++ .x+ x+(h*FxE9D)d++0+X)m1$m1(h*m1h*       ++   +    m1         N n: EXAM SPECIFIATION KEY QUESTIONSKEY IDEAS SPECIFICATION CONTENTAQA GCSE GEOGRAPHY A Unit 2: Human Geography Section A Changing Urban Environments (based on specification for 2013 exams)Urbanisation is a global phenomenon. Urban areas have a variety of functions and land uses. Rapid urbanisation in a poorer part of the world requires the management of the environmental problems caused. Attempts can be made to ensure that urban living is sustainable. Students should appreciate the different pace and causes of urbanisation in the rich and poor world. Students should gain an appreciation of different functional parts of a settlement including locations of CBD, inner city, suburbs and rural urban fringe. Effects of rapid urbanisation and industrialisation. Characteristics of a sustainable city. Social including local people in the decision-making process. Provision of an efficient public transport system. Examine the reasons behind accelerated urbanisation in developing countries Description and examination of urban land-use models. Analysis of these effects for one named place Use GIS to show retail and public service nodes, proposed new transport networks, land use planning.AQA GCSE GEOGRAPHY B Unit 1 : Managing Places in the 21st Century Section B : The Urban Environment (based on specification for 2013 exams)The management of movement is a challenge in many urban areas. The growth of urban areas in developing countries is a result of natural increase and migration. Urban growth in developing countries can create opportunities and challenges. Use example(s) to describe and explain the different methods being used to manage people movement and traffic in urban areas. Use examples to illustrate the way that migration and natural increase leads to urban growth. Consider the social and economic opportunities in urban areas and how urban-industrial core areas can be a stimulus for economic development.  Description and analysis of traffic data Interpretation of population data Use examples to illustrate the challenges created by urban growth, including housing the urban poor, environmental issues, increasing demands for services, squatter development in vulnerable areas, crime. OCR GCSE GEOGRAPHY A Unit A673: Similarities and Differences : Non-UK City Region  How is that place perceived? Where is the second chosen location? What do you know about it? How is this place seen, represented and experienced by others? For what different purposes? Why is this place as it is? How has it been influenced by its links with other places (including the UK)? What might the future hold for this chosen location?  Views, images, perceptions including candidates personal perceptions. A description of its site and situation The reasons for its current appearance and level of development. A variety of links should be explored at a variety of scales how a city is linked to its local area through agriculture, is linked to the rest of France by a motorway network and to the rest of Europe through tourism Places are not static, and reflect an ever-changing world. Use of maps and geographical terminology to position the chosen location; Display knowledge of the characteristics of the location (e.g. climate, landscape level of development); show how the place has connections with other places (e.g. UK/France); Understand the implications of these connections. Suggest how this place may change in the future. OCR GCSE GEOGRAPHY B Unit B563 Theme 2 : Population & Settlement How is the pattern of land use within cities changing? There are different ways to develop urban areas. Some of these developments are more sustainable than others. The need for sustainable development affects planning and management of change.The different areas of dominant land use within cities reflects economic, social and cultural factors. Use of GIS, new technologies and satellite images to illustrate and analyse changing land use patterns in a variety of locations (LEDC). Different approaches to development in urban areas to illustrate more and less sustainable variations. A case study of urban change to illustrate social, economic and environmental planning and its sustainability.WJEC GCSE GEOGRAPHY B Theme 1 Challenge of Living in a Built Environment  Within contrasting residential places there are inequalities in housing. Within contrasting residential places there are inequalities in service provision. Urbanisation  How and where are different types of housing provided? What opportunities and constraints determine access to housing? What issues arise from the inequalities? What is meant by access to services? How are different services distributed in urban and rural areas? How and why does access to services in urban and rural areas vary between different groups of people? Where and why are people migrating into urban and rural areas? What are the impacts on the areas of origin and destination? Who gains? Who loses? How might such future population change be managed in a sustainable way?  Contrasting investigations into patterns of housing types in rural and urban areas and influences on these of the mechanics influencing house prices and ways in which different groups of people (determined by, for example, age, gender, socio-economic status) experience different housing opportunities. Contrasting investigations into the distribution and variation of service provision and the ways in which such provision is changing. The study should consider access to services for different groups of people living in different housing areas. Evaluate the sustainability of current situations and explore how future population change may be managed in a sustainable way. EDEXCEL GEOGRAPHY A Unit 3 3.1 Factors affecting settlements 3.3 Rapid Growth in LICsPhysical and human factors affecting the site and situation, growth and shape (linear, nucleated and dispersed) of settlements. Reasons for the rapid growth of urban areas in LICs. A study of an LIC urban area to assess the effects of this rapid growth.Definitions of site, situation and shape. Site determining factors, eg bridging point and water supply. Factors affecting the situation, for example communication networks. Growth and shape can be determined by physical factors Reasons for growth, including high rates of natural increase and rural to urban migration The effects can be both positive and negative. Effects include the development of squatter settlements, pollution and congestion.The use of maps to identify the factors affecting the site and situation, growth and shape of settlements. Reasons for growth should be studied through examples of different urban areas. A case study of the effects of rapid growth in a LIC. Only the effects require case study detail. EDEXCEL GEOGRAPHY B Unit 2 3.1 What are the ingredients of good living spaces? 5.1 What are the environmental issues facing cities? 5.2 How far can these issues be resolved sustainably? .People vary in their perception of what makes a good living space. People in different parts of the world are attracted to live in different kinds of living space. Urban regions can generate huge ecofootprints. 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